Multiple sclerosis (MS): laboratory red flags against diagnosis
Evidence-based neurology checklist on multiple sclerosis (ms): laboratory red flags against diagnosis: Cerebrospinal fluid red flags Negative oligoclonal bands Protein ≥ 100mg/dL White cell counts >50/µL Neutrophilic predominant white cells Eosinophilic predominant white cells Glucose <2/3 of…
Cerebrospinal fluid red flags
- Negative oligoclonal bands
- Protein ≥ 100mg/dL
- White cell counts >50/µL
- Neutrophilic predominant white cells
- Eosinophilic predominant white cells
- Glucose <2/3 of serum level
- Positive serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)
Magnetic lesions red flags
MRI involvement pattern red flags
MRI spinal cord prominent features red flags
MRI enhancement pattern red flags
MRI atrophy red flags
Other MRI red flags
References
- Solomon AJ, Arrambide G, Brownlee WJ, et al. Differential diagnosis of suspected multiple sclerosis: an updated consensus approach. Lancet Neurol 2023; 22:750-768.
- Arun T, Pattison L, Palace J. Distinguishing neurosarcoidosis from multiple sclerosis based on CSF analysis: A retrospective cohort study. Neurology 2020 (Online ahead of print).
Related checklists
- Multiple sclerosis (MS): classification
- Multiple sclerosis (MS): revised McDonald diagnostic criteria
- Multiple sclerosis (MS): non-modifiable risk factors
- Multiple sclerosis (MS): modifiable risk factors
- Multiple sclerosis (MS): protective factors
- Multiple sclerosis (MS): typical neurological features
- Multiple sclerosis (MS): other neurological features
- Multiple sclerosis (MS): systemic features
- Multiple sclerosis (MS): paroxysmal attacks
- Multiple sclerosis (MS): seizures
- Multiple sclerosis (MS): differential diagnosis
- Multiple sclerosis (MS): clinical red flags against diagnosis
- Multiple sclerosis (MS): poor prognostic factors
- Multiple sclerosis (MS): smouldering associated worsening
