Post herpes simplex (HSV) autoimmune encephalitis

Evidence-based neurology checklist on post herpes simplex (hsv) autoimmune encephalitis: Demographic features This develops in about a quarter of people with HSV encephalitis It sets in about 2 months after the infection The interval is shorter in children than in older subjects Clinical features…

Demographic features

  • This develops in about a quarter of people with HSV encephalitis
  • It sets in about 2 months after the infection
  • The interval is shorter in children than in older subjects

Clinical features in children <4 years

Clinical features in adults and children >4 years

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain: features

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis

Associated antibodies

Treatment and outcome

References

  1. Armangue T, Spatola M, Vlagea A, et al; Spanish Herpes Simplex Encephalitis Study Group. Frequency, symptoms, risk factors, and outcomes of autoimmune encephalitis after herpes simplex encephalitis: a prospective observational study and retrospective analysis. Lancet Neurol 2018; 17:760-772. 
  2. Armangue T, Moris G, Cantarín-Extremera V, et al; Spanish Prospective Multicentric Study of Autoimmunity in Herpes Simplex Encephalitis. Autoimmune post-herpes simplex encephalitis of adults and teenagers. Neurology 2015; 85:1736-1743.
  3. Armangue T, Leypoldt F, Málaga I, et al. Herpes simplex virus encephalitis is a trigger of brain autoimmunity. Ann Neurol 2014; 75:317-323. 
  4. Hacohen Y, Deiva K, Pettingill P, et al. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibodies in post-herpes simplex virus encephalitis neurological relapse. Mov Disord 2014; 29:90-96.
  5. Mohammad SS, Sinclair K, Pillai S, et al. Herpes simplex encephalitis relapse with chorea is associated with autoantibodies to N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor or dopamine-2 receptor. Mov Disord 2014; 29:117-122.
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