Paroxysmal dyskinesias: types
Evidence-based neurology checklist on paroxysmal dyskinesias: types: Major types Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) Paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia (PNKD) Paroxysmal exercise-induced dyskinesia (PED) Paroxysmal hypnogenic dyskinesia Benign paroxysmal torticollis of infancy Other genetic…
Major types
- Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD)
- Paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia (PNKD)
- Paroxysmal exercise-induced dyskinesia (PED)
- Paroxysmal hypnogenic dyskinesia
- Benign paroxysmal torticollis of infancy
Other genetic types
Varaints
References
- Unterberger I, Trinka E. Diagnosis and treatment of paroxysmal dyskinesia revisited. Ther Adv Neurol Dis 2008; 1:67-74.
- Münchau A, Valente EM, Shahidi GA, et al. A new family with paroxysmal exercise induced dystonia and migraine: a clinical and genetic study. JNNP 2000; 68:609–614.
- Gardiner AR, Jaffer F, Dale RC, et al. The clinical and genetic heterogeneity of paroxysmal dyskinesias. Brain 2015; 138:3567-3580.
- Erro R, Sheerin UM, Bhatia KP. Paroxysmal dyskinesias revisited: a review of 500 genetically proven cases and a new classification. Mov Disord 2014; 29:1108-1116.
- Groffen AJ, Klapwijk T, van Rootselaar AF, Groen JL, Tijssen MA. Genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity in sporadic and familial forms of paroxysmal dyskinesia. J Neurol 2013; 260:93-99.
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