Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS): predictors of conversion to MS
Evidence-based neurology checklist on clinically isolated syndrome (cis): predictors of conversion to ms: Clinical predictors Non-white ethnicity Female gender Younger age Smoking at the time of CIS Fatigue at the time of CIS Cognitive impairment Severity of disability at onset Non-treatment with…
Clinical predictors
- Non-white ethnicity
- Female gender
- Younger age
- Smoking at the time of CIS
- Fatigue at the time of CIS
- Cognitive impairment
- Severity of disability at onset
- Non-treatment with disease modifying drugs (DMDs)
- Non-optic neuritis presentation
- Multifocal presentation
Radiological predictors
Cerebrospinal (CSF) potential predictors
Serum predictors
Predictors of conversion of spinal cord CIS to MS
Predictors of conversion of optic neuritis (ON) to MS
CIS conversion rate to MS
References
- Miller DH, Chard DT, Ciccarelli O. Clinically isolated syndromes. Lancet Neurol 2012; 11:157-169.
- Tintore M, Rovira À, Río J, et al. Defining high, medium and low impact prognostic factors for developing multiple sclerosis. Brain 2015; 138:1863-1874.
- Martinelli V, Dalla Costa G, Messina MJ, et al. Multiple biomarkers improve the prediction of multiple sclerosis in clinically isolated syndromes. Acta Neurol Scand 2017; 136:454-461.
- Spelman T, Meyniel C, Rojas JI, et al; MSBasis (an MSBase Substudy) Investigators. Quantifying risk of early relapse in patients with first demyelinating events: prediction in clinical practice. Mult Scler 2017; 23:1346-1357.
- Zafra-Sierra MP, Ferreira-Atuesta C, Rodríguez DS, et al. Predictors of multiple sclerosis after clinically isolated syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Neurol 2026; 33:e70711.
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