Apomorphine

Pharmacology

• It is a potent dopamine agonist
• It improves off time in Parkinson’s disease (PD)
• It has a similar efficacy to Levodopa
• It enables reduction of Levodopa dose

Indications

Continuous formulations

On demand formulations

Side effects

Precautions

Treatments for skin nodules

References

1. Katzenschlager R, Poewe W, Rascol O, et al. Apomorphine subcutaneous infusion in patients with Parkinson's disease with persistent motor fluctuations (TOLEDO): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 2018; 17:749-759.
2. Gaire S, Kafle S, Bastakoti S, Paudel A, Karki K. Continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion in advanced Parkinson's disease: a systematic review. Cureus 2021; 13:e17949.
3. Carbone F, Djamshidian A, Seppi K, Poewe W. Apomorphine for Parkinson's disease: efficacy and safety of current and new formulations. CNS Drugs 2019; 33:905-918.
4. Lees A, Turner K. Apomorphine in Parkinson’s disease. Pract Neurol 2002; 2:280-287.
5. Chen JJ, Obering C. A review of intermittent subcutaneous apomorphine injections for the rescue management of motor fluctuations associated with advanced Parkinson's disease. Clin Ther 2005; 27:1710-1724.
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Related checklists

• Levodopa
• Dopamine agonists
• Monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) inhibitors
• Catechol O methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors