Anti NMDAR autoimmune encephalitis: investigations

Evidence-based neurology checklist on anti nmdar autoimmune encephalitis: investigations: HLA associations HLA-DRB1*16:02 in Han Chinese HLA-B*07:02 in Germans Genetics Associated glial and neuronal surface antibodies Serum antibody titers Thyroid function tests Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): antibody…

HLA associations

  • HLA-DRB1*16:02 in Han Chinese
  • HLA-B*07:02 in Germans

Genetics

Associated glial and neuronal surface antibodies

Serum antibody titers

Thyroid function tests

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): antibody titers

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): other features

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain: features

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Electroencephalography (EEG) features

References

  1. Graus F, Titulaer MJ, Balu R, et al. A clinical approach to diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis. Lancet Neurol 2016; 15:391-404.
  2. Shu Y, Qiu W, Zheng J, et al. HLA class II allele DRB1*16:02 is associated with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. JNNP 2019; 90:652-658. 
  3. Mueller SH, Färber A, Prüss H, et al; German Network for Research on Autoimmune Encephalitis (GENERATE). Genetic predisposition in anti-LGI1 and anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. Ann Neurol 2018; 83:863-869.
  4. Lemke JR, Geider K, Helbig KL, et al. Delineating the GRIN1 phenotypic spectrum: a distinct genetic NMDA receptor encephalopathy. Neurology 2016; 86:2171-2178. 
  5. Cleland N, Lieblich S, Schalling M, Rahm C. A 16-year-old girl with anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis and family history of psychotic disorders. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2015; 27:375-379.
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