Valproate encephalopathy

Evidence-based neurology checklist on valproate encephalopathy: Types Hyperammonemic Non-hyperammonemic Risk factors Neurological features Systemic feature Blood tests Electroencephalogram (EEG): features Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis: features Treatment

Types

  • Hyperammonemic
  • Non-hyperammonemic

Risk factors

Neurological features

Systemic feature

Blood tests

Electroencephalogram (EEG): features

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis: features

Treatment

References

  1. Chopra A, Kolla BP, Mansukhani MP, Netzel P, Frye MA. Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy: an update on risk factors, clinical correlates and management. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2012; 34:290-298.
  2. Wadzinski J, Franks R, Roane D, Bayard M. Valproate-associated hyperammonemic encephalopathy. J Am Board Fam Med 2007; 20:499-502.
  3. Caruana Galizia E, Isaacs JD, Cock HR. Non-hyperammonaemic valproate encephalopathy after 20 years of treatment. Epilepsy Behav Case Rep 2017; 8:9-11. 
  4. Farooq O, Zunga PM, Dar MI, et al. Non-hyperammonemic valproate encephalopathy. Ann Neurosci 2014; 21:76-79. 
  5. Mehndiratta MM, Mehndiratta P, Phul P, Garg S. Valproate induced non hepatic hyperammonaemic encephalopathy (VNHE)- a study from tertiary care referral university hospital, north India. J Pak Med Assoc 2008; 58:627-631.
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