Thyroid ophthalmopathy
Evidence-based neurology checklist on thyroid ophthalmopathy: Pathophysiology There is autoimmune damage of orbital and periorbital tissues It is associated with pretibial oedema and thyroid acropachy Antibodies targeting extraocular and eyelid muscles Types Causative thyroid disorder Risk factors…
Pathophysiology
- There is autoimmune damage of orbital and periorbital tissues
- It is associated with pretibial oedema and thyroid acropachy
Antibodies targeting extraocular and eyelid muscles
Types
Causative thyroid disorder
Risk factors
Associated autoimmune diseases
Clinical features
Synonyms
References
- Mallika PS, Tan AK, Aziz S, et al. Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy- a review. Malays Fam Physician 2009; 4:8-14.
- Gopinath B, Musselman R, Adams CL, Tani J, Beard N, Wall JR. Study of serum antibodies against three eye muscle antigens and the connective tissue antigen collagen XIII in patients with Graves' disease with and without ophthalmopathy: correlation with clinical features. Thyroid 2006; 16:967-974.
- Yamada M, Li AW, Wall JR. Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: clinical features, pathogenesis, and management. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2000; 37:523-549.
- Lahooti H, Parmar KR, Wall JR. Pathogenesis of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: does autoimmunity against calsequestrin and collagen XIII play a role? Clin Ophthalmol 2010; 4:417-425.
- Gopinath B, Musselman R, Beard N, et al. Antibodies targeting the calcium binding skeletal muscle protein calsequestrin are specific markers of ophthalmopathy and sensitive indicators of ocular myopathy in patients with Graves' disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2006; 145:56-62.
