Painful ophthalmoplegia: causes
Evidence-based neurology checklist on painful ophthalmoplegia: causes: Vascular malformations Aneurysms Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) Cavernous haemangioma Dilated carotid artery Tumours Cavernous sinus lesions Inflammatory and infective causes Orbital lesions Pituitary lesions Other causes
Vascular malformations
- Aneurysms
- Arteriovenous malformations (AVM)
- Cavernous haemangioma
- Dilated carotid artery
Tumours
Cavernous sinus lesions
Inflammatory and infective causes
Orbital lesions
Pituitary lesions
Other causes
References
- Hunt WE, Meagher JN, LeFever HE, Zeman W. Painful ophthalmoplegia: its relation to indolent inflammation of the cavernous sinus. Neurology 1961; 11:56-62.
- Kline LB, Hoyt WF. The Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. JNNP 2001; 71:577-582.
- Ropper AH, Brown RH. Principles of Neurology Eighth edition. McGraw Hill New York 2005 p234.
- Curone M, Tullo V, Proietti-Cecchini A, Peccarisi C, Leone M, Bussone G. Painful ophthalmoplegia: a retrospective study of 23 cases. Neurol Sci; (30 Suppl 1):S133-S135.
