Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM): clinical features
Evidence-based neurology checklist on primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (pam): clinical features: Pathology This is caused by Naegleria fowleri It is a thermophylic free-living amoeboflagellate It enters the nervous system through the nasal mucosa It invades as the trophozoite form It incites…
Pathology
- This is caused by Naegleria fowleri
- It is a thermophylic free-living amoeboflagellate
- It enters the nervous system through the nasal mucosa
- It invades as the trophozoite form
- It incites cytokines via toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway
- The incubation period is 2-8 days: it may be as short as 24 hours
- It causes necrosis of the olfactory bulbs and orbitofrontal cortex
Parasite habitats
Risky activities
Meningeal features
Other neurological features
Cardiac features
Differential diagnosis
Outcome
References
- Siddiqui R, Khan NA. Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis caused by Naegleria fowleri: an old enemy presenting new challenges. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3017.
- Grace E, Asbill S, Virga K. Naegleria fowleri: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment options. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:6677-6681.
- Shrestha GS, Parajuli NP, Shrestha PS, et al. Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2015; 6:284-286.
- Martínez-Castillo M, Santos-Argumedo L, Galván-Moroyoqui JM, Serrano-Luna J, Shibayama M. Toll-like receptors participate in Naegleria fowleri recognition. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:75-87.
