Neuromyelitis optica (NMO): differentials of LETM

Evidence-based neurology checklist on neuromyelitis optica (nmo): differentials of letm: Muscle sclerosis (MS) LETM may result from coalescence of smaller MS lesions There is more grey matter atrophy in MS than in NMO Plasma complement biomarker levels are higher in NMO Other inflammatory…

Muscle sclerosis (MS)

  • LETM may result from coalescence of smaller MS lesions
  • There is more grey matter atrophy in MS than in NMO
  • Plasma complement biomarker levels are higher in NMO

Other inflammatory differentials

Infections

Neoplastic

Metabolic

Other radiological differentials

Acronym

References

  1. Jabbari E, Marshall CR, Longhurst H, Sylvester R. Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis: a rare association with common variable immunodeficiency. Pract Neurol 2015; 15:49-52.
  2. Trebst C, Raab P, Voss EV, et al. Longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis-it's not all neuromyelitis optica. Nat Rev Neurol 2011; 7:688-698. 
  3. Kitley JL, Leite MI, George JS, Palace JA. The differential diagnosis of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis. Mult Scler 2012; 18:271-285.
  4. Flanagan EP, Weinshenker BG. Myelitis in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: The long and the short of it. Mult Scler 2017; 23:360-361. 
  5. Eshaghi A, Wottschel V, Cortese R, et al. Gray matter MRI differentiates neuromyelitis optica from multiple sclerosis using random forest. Neurology 2016; 87:2463-2470.
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