Muscle ultrasound

Indications

• Inherited muscle diseases
• Inflammatory muscle diseases
• Neoplastic muscle diseases
• Monitoring disease progression
• Muscle trauma
• Assessing severity of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)
• Detecting diaphragmatic dysfunction

Limitations

Indices

Muscular dystrophy patterns

Inflammatory myopathy patterns

Denervation patterns

References

1. Wattjes MP, Kley RA Fischer D. Neuromuscular imaging in inherited muscle diseases. Eur Radiol 2010; 20:2447-2460.
2. Theodorou DJ, Theodorou SJ, Kakitsubata Y. Skeletal muscle disease: patterns of MRI appearances. Br J Radiol 2012; 85:e1298-e1308.
3. Ortolan P, Zanato R, Coran A, Beltrame V, Stramare R. Role of radiologic imaging in genetic and acquired neuromuscular disorders. Eur J Transl Myol 2015; 25:5014.
4. Morrow JM, Sinclair CD, Fischmann A, et al. MRI biomarker assessment of neuromuscular disease progression: a prospective observational cohort study. Lancet Neurol 2016; 15:65-77.
5. O'Gorman CM, O'brien TG, Boon AJ. Utility of diaphragm ultrasound in myopathy. Muscle Nerve 2017; 55:427-429. 
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Related checklists

• Muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): abnormal patterns
• Muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): disease-specific patterns
• Muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): muscle-specific patterns