Microcephaly: non-genetic causes

Evidence-based neurology checklist on microcephaly: non-genetic causes: Congenital infections Toxoplasmosis Rubella Herpes simplex virus (HSV) HIV Cytomegalovirus Syphilis Zika virus Toxic and metabolic causes Nutritional causes Other causes

Congenital infections

  • Toxoplasmosis
  • Rubella
  • Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
  • HIV
  • Cytomegalovirus
  • Syphilis
  • Zika virus

Toxic and metabolic causes

Nutritional causes

Other causes

References

  1. Ashwal S, Michelson D, Plawner L, Dobyns WB; Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society. Practice parameter: Evaluation of the child with microcephaly (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society. Neurology 2009; 73:887-897. 
  2. Tang BL. Zika virus as a causative agent for primary microencephaly: the evidence so far. Arch Microbiol 2016; 198:595-601.
  3. Williams PL, Yildirim C, Chadwick EG, et al. Association of maternal antiretroviral use with microcephaly in children who are HIV-exposed but uninfected (SMARTT): a prospective cohort study. Lancet HIV 2020; 7:e49-e58.

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