Harlequin syndrome

Pathology

• This is an autonomic disorder
• It is caused by dysfunction of the upper thoracic sympathetic chain

Clinical features

Associated disorders

Neurological causes

Iatrogenic causes

Neoplastic causes

Vascular causes

Other causes

Investigations

Treatments

References

1. Pradeep PV, Benede AK, Harshita SS, Jayashree B. Harlequin syndrome in a case of toxic goitre: a rare association. Case Rep Med 2011; 2011:293076. 
2. Algahtani H, Shirah B, Algahtani R, Alkahtani A. Idiopathic harlequin syndrome manifesting during exercise: a case report and review of the literature. Case Rep Med 2017; 2017:5342593.
3. Naqvi SY, Zainal A, Flood SP, Kinniry P. Harlequin syndrome with contralateral anhidrosis after an upper chest gunshot wound. BMJ Case Rep 2016; 2016 pii: bcr2016216931.
4. Mavroudis I, Balmus IM, Ciobica A, et al. Mini-review on the harlequin syndrome - a rare dysautonomic manifestation requiring attention. Medicina (Kaunas) 2022; 58:938.
5. Vidal Esteban A, Natera-de Benito D, Martínez Sánchez D, et al. Congenital Harlequin syndrome as an isolated phenomenon: A case report and review of the literature. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2016; 20:426-430.
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