Forced normalisation
Evidence-based neurology checklist on forced normalisation: Pathology This is acute psychosis developing after seizure control and EEG normalisation It may be related to the biological antagonism between seizures and psychosis It may result from kindling of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system…
Pathology
- This is acute psychosis developing after seizure control and EEG normalisation
- It may be related to the biological antagonism between seizures and psychosis
- It may result from kindling of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system
- Kindling may be induced by anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs)
Epidemiology
Diagnostic criteria
Predisposing features
Clinical features: psychosis
Clinical features: others
Associated anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs)
Low risk anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs)
Other reported triggers
Differential diagnosis
Treatment
Outcome
Synonyms
References
- Pakalnis A, Drake ME Jr, John K, Kellum JB. Forced normalization. Acute psychosis after seizure control in seven patients. Arch Neurol 1987; 44:289-292.
- Kawakami Y, Itoh Y. Forced normalization: antagonism between epilepsy and psychosis. Pediatr Neurol 2017; 70:16-19.
- Amir N, Gross-Tsur V. Paradoxical normalization in childhood epilepsy. Epilepsia 1994; 35:1060-1064.
- Bragatti JA. Forced normalization revisited: new concepts about a paradoxical phenomenon. Front Integr Neurosci 2021; 15:736248.
- Wolf P. Acute behavioral symptomatology at disappearance of epileptiform EEG abnormality. Paradoxical or "forced" normalization. Adv Neurol 1991; 55:127-142.
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