Syringomyelia

Classification

• Type I: with obstruction of foramen magnum
• Type II: no foramen magnum obstruction or idiopathic
• Type III: with other spinal cord disorders: tumours, trauma, arachnoiditis, myelomalacia
• Type IV: pure hydromyelia

Causes

Clinical features

Differential diagnosis

Treatment

References

1. Fernandez AA, Guerrero AI, Martinez MI, et al. Malformations of the craniocervical junction (chiari type 1 and syringomyelia: classification, diagnosis and treatment). BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2009; 10(Suppl 1):S1.
2. Roy AK, Slimack NP, Ganju A. Idiopathic syringomyelia: retrospective case series, comprehensive review, and update on management. Neurosurg Focus 2011; 31:E15.
3. Bratelj D, Stalder S, Capone C, et al. Spinal cord tethering and syringomyelia after trauma: impact of age and surgical outcome. Sci Rep. 2023; 13:11442.
4. Kerrison JB, Biousse V, Newman NJ. Isolated Horner's syndrome and syringomyelia. JNNP 2000; 9:131-132.
5. Mulroy E, Balint B, Latorre A, Schreglmann S, Menozzi E, Bhatia KP. Syringomyelia‐associated dystonia: case series, literature review, and novel insights. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2019; 6:387-392. 
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Related checklists

• Tethered cord syndrome (TCS)
• Klippel-Feil syndrome