Stroke in the young: systemic causes

Evidence-based neurology checklist on stroke in the young: systemic causes: Commonest cardioembolic causes Patent foramen ovale (PFO) with atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) Dilated cardiomyopathy Atrial fibrillation (AF) Recent myocardial infarction (MI) Infective endocarditis Mechanical aortic valve…

Commonest cardioembolic causes

  • Patent foramen ovale (PFO) with atrial septal aneurysm (ASA)
  • Dilated cardiomyopathy
  • Atrial fibrillation (AF)
  • Recent myocardial infarction (MI)
  • Infective endocarditis
  • Mechanical aortic valve
  • Congestive cardiac failure (CCF)
  • Left ventricular thrombus
  • Akinetic left ventricular segment
  • Sick sinus syndrome
  • Atrial myxoma

Low or uncertain cardioembolic risk

Infective causes

Autoimmune diseases

Miscellaneous causes

References

  1. Putaala J, Metso AJ, Metso TM, et al. Analysis of 1008 consecutive patients aged 15-49 with first-ever ischemic stroke: The Helsinki Young Stroke Registry. Stroke 2009; 40:1195-1203.
  2. Larrue V, Berhoune N, Massabuau P, et al. Etiologic investigation of ischemic stroke in young adults. Neurology 2011; 76:1983-1988.
  3. Ferro JM, Massaro AR, Mas JL. Aetiological diagnosis of ischaemic stroke in young adults. Lancet Neurol 2010; 9:1085-1096.
  4. Sheu JJ, Kang JH, Lin HC, Lin HC. Hyperthyroidism and risk of ischemic stroke in young adults. Stroke 2010; 41:961-966.
  5. Bierman-Chow S, Holland SM, Hsu AP, et al. Clinical, imaging, and laboratory findings in patients with GATA2 deficiency presenting with early-onset ischemic stroke. Neurology 2023; 100:338-341.

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