Parkinson’s disease (PD): advanced features

Evidence-based neurology checklist on parkinson’s disease (pd): advanced features: Motor and gait features Motor fluctuations Dyskinesias Postural problems Instability and falls Limited mobility Freezing Wheelchair-dependence: this occurs within 14 years in two-thirds of cases Bulbar features…

Motor and gait features

  • Motor fluctuations
  • Dyskinesias
  • Postural problems
  • Instability and falls
  • Limited mobility
  • Freezing
  • Wheelchair-dependence: this occurs within 14 years in two-thirds of cases

Bulbar features

Sleep disorders

Autonomic features

Psychiatric features

Drug-related features

Risk factors for early progression of PD

References

  1. Kulisevskey J, Luquin MR, Arbelo JM, et al. Advanced Parkinson's disease: clinical characteristics and treatment (part 1). Neurologia 2013; 28:503-521.
  2. Varanese S, Birnbaum Z, Rossi R, Di Rocco A. Treatment of advanced Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsons Dis 2011; 2010:480260. 
  3. Benke T, Hohenstein C, Poewe W, Butterworth B. Repetitive speech phenomena in Parkinson’s disease. JNNP 2000; 69:319–325.

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