Moebius syndrome: pathology

Etiology

• This is a congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder (CCDD)
• It results from impaired development of the rhombencephalon
• It affects multiple cranial nerves
• It classically affects bilateral facial and abducens nerves
• Other cranial nerves may be affected

Pathological features

Possible risk factors

Diagnostic levels (MDC)

References

1. Rizos M, Negrón RJ, Serman N. Möbius syndrome with dental involvement: a case report and literature review. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 1998; 35:262-268. 
2. Rucker JC, Webb BD, Frempong T, Gaspar H, Naidich TP, Jabs EW. Characterization of ocular motor deficits in congenital facial weakness: Moebius and related syndromes. Brain 2014; 137:1068-1079.
3. Verzijl HT, van der Zwaag B, Cruysberg JR, Padberg GW. Möbius syndrome redefined: a syndrome of rhombencephalic maldevelopment. Neurology 2003; 61:327-333.
4. Carr MM, Ross DA, Zuker RM. Cranial nerve defects in congenital facial palsy. J Otolaryngol 1997; 26:80-87. 
5. Verzijl HT, van der Zwaag B, Lammens M, ten Donkelaar HJ, Padberg GW. The neuropathology of hereditary congenital facial palsy vs Möbius syndrome. Neurology 2005; 64:649-653.
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Related checklists

• Moebius syndrome: neurological features
• Moebius syndrome: systemic features
• Moebius syndrome: management