Epileptic encephalopathy with electrical status epilepticus in sleep (ESES): pathology

Evidence-based neurology checklist on epileptic encephalopathy with electrical status epilepticus in sleep (eses): pathology: Pathology ESES is characterised by sleep-induced epileptic discharges There are continuous spike‐wave discharges during non–rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep These discharges…

Pathology

  • ESES is characterised by sleep-induced epileptic discharges
  • There are continuous spike‐wave discharges during non–rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep
  • These discharges occur in ≥ 85% of NREM sleep
  • These are quantified with the spike wave index (SWI)
  • The SWI shows the percentage of (diffuse) spikes and waves during slow‐wave sleep

Grading

Categories

Synonyms

References

  1. Scheltens-de Boer M. Guidelines for EEG in encephalopathy related to ESES/CSWS in children. Epilepsia 2009; 50(Suppl 7):13-17.
  2. Caraballo RH, Veggiotti P, Kaltenmeier MC, et al. Encephalopathy with status 3epilepticus during sleep or continuous spikes and waves during slow sleep syndrome: a multicenter, long-term follow-up study of 117 patients. Epilepsy Res 2013; 105:164-173.
  3. van den Munckhof B, van Dee V, Sagi L, et al. Treatment of electrical status epilepticus in sleep: a pooled analysis of 575 cases. Epilepsia 2015; 56:1738-1746.
  4. Tassinari CA, Cantalupo G, Rios-Pohl L, Giustina ED, Rubboli G. Encephalopathy with status epilepticus during slow sleep: "the Penelope syndrome". Epilepsia 2009; 50(Suppl 7):4-8.
  5. Caraballo RH, Fortini S, Flesler S, Pasteris MC, Caramuta L, Portuondo E. Encephalopathy with status epilepticus during sleep: unusual EEG patterns. Seizure 2015; 25:117-125.

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