Embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS): potential causes
Evidence-based neurology checklist on embolic stroke of undetermined source (esus): potential causes: Conventional cardiac causes Arterial thromboembolism Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) Patent foramen ovale (PFO) Congenital left ventricular diverticulum Cardiac structural abnormalities…
Conventional cardiac causes
- Arterial thromboembolism
- Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF)
- Patent foramen ovale (PFO)
- Congenital left ventricular diverticulum
- Cardiac structural abnormalities
- Atrial fibrosis
- Occult cardiomyopathy: consider cardiac MRI
Left atrial dysfunction
Atrial cardiopathy
Carotid web
Potential systemic causes
References
- Li L, Yiin GS, Geraghty OC, Schulz UG, Kuker W, Mehta Z, Rothwell PM; Oxford Vascular Study. Incidence, outcome, risk factors, and long-term prognosis of cryptogenic transient ischaemic attack and ischaemic stroke: a population-based study. Lancet Neurol 2015; 14:903-913.
- Hart RG, Diener HC, Coutts SB, et al; Cryptogenic Stroke/ESUS International Working Group. Embolic strokes of undetermined source: the case for a new clinical construct. Lancet Neurol 2014; 13:429-438.
- Nouh A, Hussain M, Mehta T, Yaghi S. Embolic strokes of unknown source and cryptogenic stroke: implications in clinical practice. Front Neurol 2016; 7:37.
- Gaillard N, Targosz F, Bertrand JL, Sablot D, Bensalah ZM. Recurrent cryptogenic stroke in young adult linked to congenital left ventricular diverticulum. Neurology 2016; 87:2169-2170.
- Tandon K, Tirschwell D, Longstreth WT Jr, Smith B, Akoum N. Embolic stroke of undetermined source correlates to atrial fibrosis without atrial fibrillation. Neurology 2019; 93:e381-e387.
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