Cramps: causes

Evidence-based neurology checklist on cramps: causes: Physiological causes Idiopathic Nocturnal >65 years Exercise-associated muscle cramps (EAMC) Pregnancy Neurological causes Medical causes of cramps Drug-induced cramps

Physiological causes

  • Idiopathic
  • Nocturnal >65 years
  • Exercise-associated muscle cramps (EAMC)
  • Pregnancy

Neurological causes

Medical causes of cramps

Drug-induced cramps

References

  1. Katzberg HD, Khan AH, So YT. Assessment: symptomatic treatment for muscle cramps (an evidence-based review): report of the therapeutics and technology assessment subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2010; 74:691-696.
  2. Miller TM, Layzer RB. Muscle cramps. Muscle Nerve 2005; 32:431-442.
  3. Ropper AH, Brown RH. Principles of Neurology. Eighth edition. McGraw Hill New York 2005 p1199.
  4. Butler JV, Mulkerrin EC, O'Keeffe ST. Nocturnal leg cramps in older people. Postgrad Med J 2002; 78:596-598.
  5. Nelson NL, Churilla JR. A narrative review of exercise-associated muscle cramps: Factors that contribute to neuromuscular fatigue and management implications. Muscle Nerve 2016; 54:177-185.
  6. And 2 more. Subscribe to see the full list

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