Anti-seizure medications (ASM): teratogenicity types

Evidence-based neurology checklist on anti-seizure medications (asm): teratogenicity types: Major cardiac congenital malformations (MCMs) Atrial septal defect (ASD) Fallot's tetralogy (TOF) Ventricular septal defect (VSD) Coarctation of the aorta Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) Pulmonary stenosis…

Major cardiac congenital malformations (MCMs)

  • Atrial septal defect (ASD)
  • Fallot's tetralogy (TOF)
  • Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
  • Coarctation of the aorta
  • Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
  • Pulmonary stenosis

Other major congenital malformations

Minor facial dysmorphic congenital malformations

Other minor congenital malformations

Foetal outcomes

References

  1. Laganà AS, Triolo O, D'Amico V, et al. Management of women with epilepsy: from preconception to post-partum. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2016; 293:493-503. 
  2. Tomson T, Xue H, Battino D. Major congenital malformations in children of women with epilepsy. Seizure 2015; 28:46-50.
  3. Harden CL, Pennell PB, Koppel BS, et al. Management issues for women with epilepsy-focus on pregnancy (an evidence-based review): III. Vitamin K, folic acid, blood levels, and breast-feeding. Epilepsia 2009; 50:1247-1255.
  4. Borgelt LM, Hart FM, Bainbridge JL. Epilepsy during pregnancy: focus on management strategies. Int J Womens Health 2016; 8:505-517.
  5. Perucca P, Malpas CB, Berry-Noronha A, et al. Antiseizure medication use in pregnancy and the risk of poor fetal growth in the EURAP international registry: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Neurol 2026; 25:840-851.

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